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(FRAME-INFO (STRING "Summary, General and Special Visceral Afferents. General visceral afferent information from the cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive systems is relayed via cranial nerves VII, IX, and X to the caudal solitary nucleus \(the cardiorespiratory portion of the solitary nucleus\).  The caudal solitary nucleus then projects to a number of different areas including the parabrachial nucleus of the rostral pons, the reticular formation, and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus.  Connections between the parabrachial nucleus and the hypothalamus and amygdala are important in the regulation of food intake and visceral functions.  Reflex control of respiratory and cardiovascular functions through connections with the reticular formation and autonomic regulation via descending projections from the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus are examples of some of the other components of general visceral afferent control of body functions.  Taste receptor cells in the lingual epithelium of the tongue make synapses on special visceral afferent fibers from the facial \(VII; anterior two-thirds of tongue and palate\), glossopharyngeal \(IX; posterior one-third of tongue and pharynx\), and vagus \(X; epiglottis\) nerves.  These fibers then enter the brainstem and synapse in the rostral portion of the nucleus of the solitary tract \(the gustatory portion of the solitary nucleus\).  Solitary nucleus neurons mediating taste then project ipsilaterally in the central tegmental tract to the parvocellular region of the ventral posterior medial nucleus \(VPM\).  The parvocellular neurons of the VPM then project to the primary gustatory cortex located in the frontal operculum, anterior insula and other areas.  More complex features of taste involved in control of feeding and in reward aspects may be mediated by further connections from the primary gustatory cortex to areas of the orbitofrontal cortex, although the precise mechanisms remain uncertain."))
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