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(FRAME-INFO (STRING "Nystagmus. \(Contributed by Dr. R. Thorne\). Nystagmus is a rapid to and fro conjugate movement of the eyes. It can be elicited in normal subjects by stimulation of the visual or vestibular systems or can result from lesions of the vestibular nerve, the vestibular nuclei or the cerebellum. One classic example of nystagmus in normal subjects is the horizontal nystagmus induced when one sits in a train and watches telephone poles go by. This type of nystagmus is called optokinetic nystagmus, because it is elicited by moving visual stimuli.  Stimulation of the vestibular system by rotating a subject also induces nystagmus \(vestibular nystagmus\). An alternative and clinically useful method of stimulating the vestibular system is to place hot or cold water in the ear; this stimulates endolymph movement that replicates rotation. The resulting nystagmus is called caloric nystagmus. Lesions of the vestibular nerve or nuclei on one side result in a characteristic pathological nystagmus, in which the eyes flick rapidly away from the side of the lesion and drift slowly toward the side of the lesion. Lesions of one side of the cerebellum produce the opposite effect: the fast phase of the nystagmus is toward the side of the lesion and the slow phase of eye movement is away from the side of the lesion.  "))
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