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(FRAME-INFO (STRING "Abnormal Eye Movements. \(Contributed by Dr. R. Thorne\). Abnormal eye movements result from a variety of lesions. Three abnormalities in eye movements that occur when attempting to look to the right are illustrated here. Under normal circumstances \(A\), looking to the right involves co-activation of the right lateral rectus muscle \(innervated by the right abducens nerve\) and the left medial rectus muscle \(innervated by the left oculomotor nerve\). \(B\) represents the result of unilateral damage to the right medial longitudinal fasciculus rostral to the abducens nucleus. Such a lesion interrupts the connection between the abducens internuclear neurons and the neurons of the contralateral oculomotor nucleus, but leaves the abducens nucleus intact. \(C\) represents the results of an oculomotor nerve lesion on one side \(here, the left side\): all of the ipsilateral extraocular muscles, with the exception of the lateral rectus, are paralysed and the eye deviates laterally due to the unopposed action of the lateral rectus. The pupil is enlarged and the eyelid droops \(ptosis\). \(D\) represents the result of an abducens nerve lesion on one side: the ipsilateral eye cannot be moved to the ipsilateral side \(here, to the left\), but an attempt to do so results in movement of the contralateral eye because the internuclear neuron connections from the abducens nucleus to the oculomotor nucleus are intact."))
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