(IMAGE (TYPE "GIF")
       (PATH "gifs/Syllabus Chapters/Descending Corticospinal/hemvent.medulla.gif"))
(OUTLINE-COLOR (NAME "YELLOW"))
(STRING-COLOR (NAME "RED"))
(PIN-COLOR (NAME "RED"))
(FRAME-INFO (STRING "Composite Medulla. The lines on the ventral view of an autopsy brain indicate the planes of section for the two myelin-stained medulla slices. Corticospinal fibers are shown on the left \(blue\) and right \(white\) sides. Corticobulbar fibers destined for cranial nerve motor nuclei will have found their targets before they reach the caudal medulla, so only corticospinal fibers are present caudal to the level shown in \(A\).  Find the hypoglossal nucleus, the dorsal motor \(parasympathetic\) nucleus of the vagus, and the ambiguus nucleus in the rostral \(\"open\"\) medulla section \(A\). The pyramidal decussation takes place in the caudal \(\"closed\"\) medulla section \(B\). Review large structures such as the posterior column nuclei."))
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        (ACTION "medial longitudinal fasciculus")
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        (COORD-LIST (339 39) (339 44) (340 49) (341 54) (337 54) (333 54) (329 54) (327 50) (327 46) (328 42) (331 38) (336 37) (339 39)))

(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "medial longitudinal fasciculus")
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(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "medial lemniscus")
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(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
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(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "hypoglossal nucleus")
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(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "hypoglossal nucleus")
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(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "dorsal motor vagus nucleus ")
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        (COORD-LIST (373 36) (377 32) (378 28) (374 26) (370 25) (366 25) (362 25) (358 27) (359 32) (362 37) (367 38) (372 37) (373 36)))

(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "dorsal motor vagus nucleus ")
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        (CENTER-PT (308 29))
        (COORD-LIST (314 37) (315 33) (315 29) (314 25) (310 23) (306 23) (302 25) (299 30) (298 35) (303 39) (308 37) (313 35) (314 37)))

(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "solitary nucleus")
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(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
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(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "nucleus ambiguus")
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(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
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(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
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(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
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(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
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(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "pyramid")
        (ID 36)
        (CENTER-PT (384 311))
        (COORD-LIST (338 312) (342 308) (344 304) (348 300) (353 296) (356 292) (359 288) (363 284) (368 284) (373 284) (378 286) (383 288) (388 290) (391 295) (395 300) (396 305) (396 310) (393 315) (389 320) (385 323) (381 326) (377 327) (373 329) (369 330) (365 331) (361 332) (357 333) (352 332) (348 330) (345 326) (341 324) (338 320) (338 312)))

(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "pyramidal decussation")
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(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "inferior olivary nucleus")
        (ID 34)
        (CENTER-PT (411 106))
        (COORD-LIST (363 81) (362 86) (364 91) (369 91) (374 90) (373 95) (371 100) (376 102) (381 103) (385 108) (390 112) (395 112) (400 112) (405 110) (410 113) (410 118) (406 120) (402 120) (398 119) (394 117) (390 116) (386 117) (382 119) (378 119) (375 115) (371 115) (367 115) (363 117) (364 122) (369 125) (375 128) (380 130) (385 132) (390 133) (395 134) (400 135) (405 134) (410 132) (414 128) (416 124) (418 120) (419 116) (419 112) (420 108) (420 104) (419 99) (415 98) (411 96) (407 96) (403 97) (398 94) (395 90) (391 88) (387 86) (383 84) (379 83) (375 81) (371 79) (367 78) (363 78) (363 81)))

(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "inferior olivary nucleus")
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        (CENTER-PT (264 118))
        (COORD-LIST (314 118) (310 119) (306 119) (302 119) (298 123) (293 123) (288 126) (284 126) (280 126) (275 126) (272 122) (277 121) (282 120) (287 118) (292 115) (295 111) (299 107) (304 104) (306 100) (309 96) (311 92) (312 88) (313 84) (309 81) (305 81) (301 81) (297 84) (293 87) (293 93) (294 98) (290 99) (286 97) (282 98) (278 98) (274 98) (272 103) (274 108) (270 109) (265 108) (261 108) (257 112) (254 117) (254 122) (255 127) (260 130) (264 135) (269 137) (274 137) (279 136) (284 134) (289 134) (294 134) (299 134) (304 134) (309 131) (312 127) (314 118)))

(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "gracile nucleus")
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        (CENTER-PT (354 188))
        (COORD-LIST (344 179) (343 184) (343 189) (343 194) (341 199) (341 204) (341 209) (346 211) (350 207) (355 204) (358 200) (362 196) (365 192) (368 188) (372 184) (369 180) (365 179) (361 178) (357 177) (353 177) (344 179)))

(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "gracile nucleus")
        (ID 31)
        (CENTER-PT (328 190))
        (COORD-LIST (338 210) (338 206) (338 202) (338 198) (339 194) (341 190) (341 186) (340 182) (338 178) (334 178) (330 180) (326 180) (322 179) (318 181) (316 186) (317 191) (319 196) (324 201) (327 206) (332 210) (338 210)))

(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "cuneate nucleus")
        (ID 30)
        (CENTER-PT (369 213))
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(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "cuneate nucleus")
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(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "spinal trigeminal nucleus")
        (ID 28)
        (CENTER-PT (267 228))
        (COORD-LIST (272 250) (273 246) (272 242) (272 238) (275 234) (279 230) (282 226) (286 222) (286 218) (282 216) (278 214) (274 214) (270 216) (266 220) (263 225) (261 230) (257 234) (255 239) (253 244) (255 249) (260 251) (265 251) (270 251) (275 249) (272 250)))

(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "spinal trigeminal nucleus")
        (ID 27)
        (CENTER-PT (409 229))
        (COORD-LIST (388 223) (390 219) (396 216) (401 214) (406 216) (411 220) (416 224) (422 229) (423 234) (421 240) (419 245) (415 248) (411 250) (407 251) (403 252) (399 252) (396 248) (393 244) (389 241) (385 236) (384 232) (385 228) (387 224) (388 223)))

(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "inferior cerebellar peduncle")
        (ID 26)
        (CENTER-PT (421 44))
        (COORD-LIST (407 28) (406 33) (407 38) (409 43) (412 48) (415 53) (417 58) (418 63) (421 68) (426 72) (430 68) (433 64) (435 60) (435 56) (435 52) (435 48) (433 44) (430 40) (428 36) (426 32) (422 28) (418 26) (413 24) (409 23) (407 28)))

(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "inferior cerebellar peduncle")
        (ID 25)
        (CENTER-PT (249 46))
        (COORD-LIST (247 74) (248 70) (249 66) (251 62) (253 58) (255 54) (258 50) (262 46) (265 42) (268 38) (270 34) (270 30) (270 26) (270 22) (266 21) (262 21) (258 22) (254 25) (250 29) (247 34) (243 37) (240 42) (238 47) (238 52) (238 57) (239 62) (240 67) (244 72) (247 74)))

(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "spinal trigeminal nucleus")
        (ID 24)
        (CENTER-PT (274 53))
        (COORD-LIST (280 44) (276 48) (272 51) (268 54) (266 59) (271 61) (274 57) (278 53) (283 50) (287 46) (284 42) (280 44)))

(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "spinal trigeminal nucleus")
        (ID 23)
        (CENTER-PT (399 54))
        (COORD-LIST (393 49) (398 53) (399 58) (403 63) (408 62) (407 58) (406 54) (404 50) (401 46) (397 45) (393 45) (393 49)))

(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "cuneate fasciculus")
        (ID 22)
        (CENTER-PT (294 200))
        (COORD-LIST (327 211) (325 207) (321 204) (317 200) (313 197) (311 193) (307 190) (303 187) (300 183) (296 183) (292 186) (288 189) (284 193) (280 198) (276 201) (276 206) (280 211) (285 214) (289 219) (292 224) (295 229) (297 225) (299 221) (300 217) (300 213) (302 209) (307 206) (312 207) (317 208) (327 211)))

(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "gracile fasciculus")
        (ID 21)
        (CENTER-PT (324 177))
        (COORD-LIST (326 209) (327 205) (326 201) (322 198) (320 194) (318 190) (317 186) (317 182) (322 180) (327 180) (332 180) (337 180) (342 179) (342 175) (339 171) (335 171) (331 171) (327 172) (323 173) (319 176) (314 177) (310 177) (306 178) (303 183) (304 188) (309 192) (326 209)))

(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "gracile fasciculus")
        (ID 20)
        (CENTER-PT (362 175))
        (COORD-LIST (344 180) (343 176) (343 172) (348 169) (353 170) (358 170) (363 171) (368 173) (373 175) (378 175) (382 180) (380 185) (376 189) (372 193) (368 197) (364 200) (360 204) (356 208) (352 211) (348 212) (346 208) (351 205) (356 202) (360 198) (363 194) (366 190) (370 185) (372 181) (368 179) (364 179) (360 178) (356 178) (352 178) (348 178) (344 180)))

(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "cuneate fasciculus")
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        (CENTER-PT (392 200))
        (COORD-LIST (351 213) (356 212) (361 209) (363 205) (368 202) (373 201) (378 202) (382 207) (381 212) (381 217) (380 222) (381 227) (386 227) (388 223) (391 219) (396 216) (401 213) (405 209) (410 206) (412 202) (408 200) (404 198) (403 194) (400 190) (397 186) (393 183) (389 181) (385 179) (381 183) (377 188) (373 191) (369 195) (365 197) (351 213)))

(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "spinal trigeminal tract")
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        (CENTER-PT (413 214))
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(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "spinal trigeminal tract")
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        (CENTER-PT (259 221))
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(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "spinal trigeminal tract")
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        (CENTER-PT (412 57))
        (COORD-LIST (398 44) (403 47) (406 52) (407 57) (408 62) (413 65) (418 65) (419 61) (417 57) (416 53) (414 49) (411 45) (407 41) (403 40) (399 42) (398 44)))

(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "spinal trigeminal tract")
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        (CENTER-PT (262 54))
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(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "vestibular nuclei")
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        (CENTER-PT (384 19))
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(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "vestibular nuclei")
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(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
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        (CENTER-PT (201 279))
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(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "pyramid")
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        (CENTER-PT (218 280))
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(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "pons")
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(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "hypothalamus")
        (ID 9)
        (CENTER-PT (218 140))
        (COORD-LIST (233 133) (232 129) (228 126) (225 122) (221 121) (217 120) (213 123) (210 128) (206 130) (202 134) (199 139) (203 144) (207 149) (208 154) (210 159) (215 159) (220 161) (225 161) (228 157) (232 153) (232 148) (233 144) (232 140) (236 136) (233 133)))

(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "optic chiasm")
        (ID 8)
        (CENTER-PT (221 112))
        (COORD-LIST (201 104) (207 103) (212 104) (217 104) (222 104) (227 104) (232 104) (237 105) (237 110) (237 115) (237 120) (233 122) (229 121) (225 121) (221 120) (217 119) (213 119) (209 119) (205 118) (204 114) (202 110) (199 106) (201 104)))

(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "optic tract")
        (ID 7)
        (CENTER-PT (205 124))
        (COORD-LIST (205 117) (210 119) (215 119) (214 124) (210 127) (206 130) (202 132) (199 137) (195 137) (191 134) (190 130) (194 126) (199 123) (201 119) (203 115) (205 117)))

(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "optic tract")
        (ID 6)
        (CENTER-PT (232 124))
        (COORD-LIST (224 121) (228 126) (232 131) (235 136) (237 132) (237 128) (237 124) (236 120) (224 121)))

(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "optic nerve")
        (ID 5)
        (CENTER-PT (201 98))
        (COORD-LIST (185 82) (190 83) (195 83) (200 86) (204 91) (209 95) (212 100) (217 103) (213 104) (209 103) (205 102) (201 102) (197 104) (185 82)))

(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "optic nerve")
        (ID 4)
        (CENTER-PT (232 98))
        (COORD-LIST (227 103) (232 103) (237 103) (238 99) (239 95) (239 91) (238 87) (234 85) (231 90) (227 94) (227 103)))

(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "middle cerebral artery")
        (ID 3)
        (CENTER-PT (182 115))
        (COORD-LIST (185 123) (188 119) (190 115) (187 111) (183 109) (179 109) (175 111) (176 116) (179 121) (184 124) (185 123)))

(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "olfactory bulb")
        (ID 2)
        (CENTER-PT (207 8))
        (COORD-LIST (200 23) (205 24) (210 23) (214 19) (215 15) (216 11) (217 7) (217 3) (217 0) (213 0) (209 0) (205 0) (201 0) (200 23)))

(REGION (TYPE "STRUCT")
        (ACTION "olfactory tract")
        (ID 1)
        (CENTER-PT (197 50))
        (COORD-LIST (199 22) (204 23) (209 24) (209 29) (207 34) (205 39) (204 44) (203 49) (202 54) (200 59) (199 64) (199 69) (198 74) (198 79) (193 83) (189 82) (185 82) (199 22)))