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(FRAME-INFO (STRING "Caudal Pons, Computer Reconstruction. This reconstruction shows the sensory root of the trigeminal nerve \(V\) as it enters the brainstem at the level of the caudal pons. The sensory root is larger than the motor root and conveys sensory information \(touch, pain, temperature and proprioceptive information\) from the head via the ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular divisions of the trigeminal nerve. There are three sensory subnuclei of the trigeminal nerve: the spinal trigeminal nucleus, the principal sensory nucleus and the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. The cell bodies of the fibers that synapse in the spinal trigeminal nucleus \(a long nucleus extending down to the cervical spinal cord\) or the principal \(main or chief\) sensory nucleus \(a smaller nucleus located at the level of the pons\) of the trigeminal nerve are located in the trigeminal \(or semilunar\) ganglion in the floor of the middle cranial fossa. The central processes of these cells that convey predominantly pain and temperature information turn and travel caudally before synapsing in the spinal trigeminal nucleus. The central processes of the cells that contain touch and proprioceptive information synapse on the cells of the principal sensory nucleus. Secondary fibers from both of these nuclei cross the midline and travel in the ventral trigeminal tract, which essentially merges with the medial lemniscus and spinothalamic tract, thus bringing in the head components to those ascending pathways. The secondary fibers in the trigeminal part of the ascending pathways terminate in the medial part of the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus. Cells in the mesencephalic nucleus are primary afferent cells whose peripheral processes contact muscle spindles in muscles of mastication and mechanoreceptors in the mouth. Their central processes terminate in the motor and principal sensory nuclei of the trigeminal nerve. The functions of the mesencephalic nucleus are not well understood, but it is known to play a role in the jaw jerk reflex. "))
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