(IMAGE (TYPE "GIF") (PATH "gifs/Syllabus Chapters/Brainstem Cranial Nerves/nuc12.gif")) (OUTLINE-COLOR (NAME "YELLOW")) (STRING-COLOR (NAME "RED")) (PIN-COLOR (NAME "RED")) (FRAME-INFO (STRING "Rostral Medulla, Computer Reconstruction. This reconstruction shows the origin of the hypoglossal nerve \(XII\) from the hypoglossal nucleus. The hypoglossal nucleus \(aqua\) is a long thin nucleus that is seen at the same levels as the inferior olivary nucleus; it is situated close to the midline. From the nucleus, fibers pass ventrally, lateral to the medial lemniscus, and the rootlets emerge from each side of the brainstem between the olive and the pyramid. The nerve exits the skull via the hypoglossal foramen. Each hypoglossal nerve \(general somatic efferent fibers\) supplies the ipsilateral intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue \(except for palatoglossus\). Normally, the action of the muscles on one side of the tongue is to push the tongue forwards and towards the opposite side. If one nerve is damaged, the protruded tongue deviates towards the damaged side because of the unopposed action of the remaining innervated muscles.")) 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